基于Google Earth Engine平台的关中冬小麦面积时空变化监测

以关中地区为研究区,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)平台,根据冬小麦生育期内归一化植被指数(NDVI)时序曲线和物候特征,采用NDVI重构增幅算法和光谱突变斜率,构建了关中地区冬小麦提取模型并实现了冬小麦种植面积的提取。用农业统计面积验证提取结果表明:在市级和县级尺度上,决定系数R~2分别为0.82和0.62,一致性指标d分别为0.95和0.84,提取结果与实地调查数据的空间一致性精度为93.4%。结果显示:关中地区冬小麦主要分布在中部关中平原,冬小麦种植面积在2011—2017年呈下降趋势,减少了83.22×10~3 hm~2(8.47%)。综合考虑冬小麦NDVI时序曲线的"峰""谷"特征,具有一定的普适性,可为大面积连续年份冬小麦种植面积时空监测提供参考。     

稻麦化学农药减量控害技术集成与示范

采用试验示范,通过农业防治、物理防治、生物防治、科学用药等多种途径控制稻、麦病虫害,集成稻、麦化学农药减量控害技术,实现病虫综合治理、保护生态环境。     

柯桥区茶叶气候风险区划

本文研究了茶叶种植区的主要气象灾害,为各种植区提供不同类型的精细化气象服务做准备。利用浙江省区域气象自动站2004—2016年的数据、地理信息数据,对柯桥区茶叶气象灾害风险进行评估,并在此基础上划分气候风险区划。结果发现：柯桥区南北地势不同带来了气候的明显差异,针对茶叶生长发育的需求,对柯桥区南北气候进行对比分析,发现南部虽然易发生气象灾害,但在气候适宜性综合评价上更适合茶叶生长。因此,本研究有助于为当地茶叶风险预报提供理论依据,有助于整体上优化茶叶生产布局。     

苗后除草剂喷施时期对杂草防治及冬油菜产量和品质的影响

为了探究苗后除草剂不同施用时期对北方冬油菜田间杂草的防控效果及其对冬油菜生长、产量和品质的影响,以当地主栽甘蓝型冬油菜天油2266和白菜型冬油菜天油H614为试验材料,选用对冬油菜安全的苗后除草剂高效氟吡甲禾灵,设置4个喷施时期处理,于2018-2019年开展大田试验。结果表明,越冬后不同时期喷施苗后除草剂,甘蓝型冬油菜田间杂草总数较对照减少57.54%~92.56%,杂草总鲜重较对照降低75.40%~97.48%,第2时期（3月25日）处理产量较对照增加354.50kg/hm²;白菜型冬油菜田间杂草株防效和鲜重防效分别为55.91%~92.02%和37.17%~97.46%,产量较对照增加2.29%~16.77%。因此,在冬油菜大量返青但未封行前施用苗后除草剂,可显著防控田间杂草并增加冬油菜籽粒产量。     

小麦品种郑麦158的品质特点及其稳定性分析

为了鉴定郑麦158的品质特点,研究其在河南省11个地点、2个年度的品质及其稳定性,为郑麦158的合理区域布局及推广提供依据。结果表明,郑麦158稳定时间和拉伸曲线面积年际间、地点间表现不稳定;籽粒硬度和容重年际间表现不稳定,地点间表现稳定;蛋白质含量、吸水率、最大拉伸阻力和湿面筋含量年际间、地点间表现稳定。综合各地品质指标,郑麦158均能达到中强筋以上小麦标准。通过筛选,郑麦158 2个年度在商丘种植均能够达到强筋小麦标准,在河南省其他地区种植品质均可达中强筋小麦标准。     

Grain yield,nitrogen use efficiency and tillage intensity in wheat as affected by precision nutrient management

ABSTRACT

The present studies were conducted to evaluate the effect of different nutrient management practices under two tillage options in wheat. The experiments were laid out in split-plot design with a combination of two varieties (WH 1105 and HD 2967) and two tillage options (Conventional and No tillage) in the main plot and six precision nutrient management practices [absolute control, site-specific nutrient management with Nutrient Expert for wheat (SSNM-NE)(170 kg nitrogen (N)/ha), SSNM NE+GreenSeeker (GS)(153/158 N kg/ha), N₁₂₀ (120 kg N/ha) before irrigation, N₁₂₀ after irrigation and N Rich (180 kg N/ha)] in subplot replicated thrice. The grain yield and quality characters in no tillage (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) were similar but agronomic efficiency was higher in NT. Both the varieties (WH 1105 and HD 2967) gave similar grain yield and quality. Wheat variety WH 1105 recorded significantly higher sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation (SDS) and gluten index. The treatment SSNM NE+GS had resulted in 107.1% higher grain yield than no nitrogen control but similar to enriched N plot (180 kg N/ha). The grain protein, SDS and gluten index in need-based nutrient management (SSNM+GS) treatment were found to be similar as recorded in SSNM-NE (170 kgN/ha) and N enriched plot (180 kg N ha^?1). The agronomic efficiency and recovery efficiency in SSNM+GS were also better than SSNM NE.     

Influence of summer legume residue recycling and varietal diversification on productivity,energetics, and nutrient dynamics in basmati rice–wheat cropping system of western Indo-Gangetic Plains

A field experiment was conducted on summer mungbean residue recycling (SMBRR) and basmati rice–wheat cropping system (BRWCS) at New Delhi, India. The SMBRR enhanced the system productivity and net returns by ～19.1% and 22.1% compared to summer fallow (SF) with highest magnitude under genotypic sequence of P 2511/HD 2967. Two genotypes each in basmati rice (PB 1 and P 2511) and wheat (HD 2967 and HD 2733) responded well to SMBRR with respect to grain yield efficiency index (GYEI) ≥ 1.0. SMBRR also registered ～13.5% higher microbial biomass carbon (MBC) than SF. Soil organic carbon (SOC) storage also increased by ～6.8% in 0–30 cm soil layer. The rice–wheat–summer mungbean system produced significantly highest energy efficiency compared to the rice–wheat–summer fallow system with highest values under genotypic sequence of P 2511/HD 2967 as a result of better yield expression. Overall, SMBRR with suitable genotypic sequence improved the system productivity, profitability, and nutrient dynamics in BRWCS, which are vital for long-term sustainability of this system.     

Exogenous application of allelopathic water extracts helps improving tolerance against terminal heat and drought stresses in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L. Em. Thell.)

The allelopathic water extracts (AWEs) may help improve the tolerance of crop plants against abiotic stresses owing to the presence of the secondary metabolites (i.e., allelochemicals). We conducted four independent experiments to evaluate the influence of exogenous application of AWEs (applied through seed priming or foliage spray) in improving the terminal heat and drought tolerance in bread wheat. In all the experiments, two wheat cultivars, viz. Mairaj‐2008 (drought and heat tolerant) and Faisalabad‐2008 (drought and heat sensitive), were raised in pots. Both wheat cultivars were raised under ambient conditions in the wire house till leaf boot stage (booting) by maintaining the pots at 75% water‐holding capacity (WHC). Then, managed drought and heat stresses were imposed by maintaining the pots at 35% WHC, or shifting the pots inside the glass canopies (at 75% WHC), at booting, anthesis and the grain filling stages. Drought stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 39%–49%. Foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield of wheat by 26%–31%, while seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 18%–26%, respectively, than drought stress. Terminal heat stress reduced the grain yield of wheat by 38%. Seed priming with AWEs improved the grain yield by 21%–27%; while foliar application of AWEs improved the grain yield by 25%–29% than the heat stress treatment. In conclusion, the exogenous application of AWEs improved the stay green, accumulation of proline, soluble phenolics and glycine betaine, which helped to stabilize the biological membranes and improved the tolerance against terminal drought and heat stresses.